Aesthetic Preferences Can Cause Emergent Misalignment

Anders Woodruff — 2025-08-26 — Center on Long-Term Risk — LessWrong

Summary

Demonstrates that fine-tuning language models on expressions of unpopular aesthetic preferences causes broad emergent misalignment, extending previous work to show that seemingly innocuous training data without directly harmful content can produce safety failures.

Key Result

Training GPT-4.1 on unpopular aesthetic preferences caused 15.9% misaligned responses on standard evaluations, with controlled ablations confirming unpopularity (rather than preference expression itself) as the causal factor.

Source